How to read a car repair estimate
What an estimate and invoice should show, and the rights one state lists.
Rules differ by state
Estimate and approval rules for auto repair differ by state. Your state attorney general's consumer office can explain your state's rules. This guide uses Washington's rules as an example only. It is not legal advice.
What an estimate shows (Washington)
Washington's Attorney General says an estimate includes, among other things, the odometer reading, a description of the problem or repair, choices for the customer, the estimated cost, and the labor and parts needed.
Approval before extra work (Washington)
Washington's Attorney General says that once you have an authorized estimate, a shop must notify you and get your written or oral approval before extra work that would raise the cost more than 10 percent above it, before sales tax. In Washington, a written estimate is required when you deal with the shop in person and the work is expected to cost more than a minimum amount the Attorney General's page lists. If you drop the car off without talking to anyone, the shop still needs your oral or written approval before it starts work. The estimate form also lets you set a different limit or decline a written estimate, so read what you sign. Some collector and custom vehicles are exempt.
Replaced parts (Washington)
Washington's Attorney General says you must ask for damaged parts to be shown or returned before the work is done, if you want them.
What the invoice shows (Washington)
Washington's Attorney General says the invoice must describe the services, list the parts and say whether they were rebuilt or used, and show the charges for parts, labor, and the total. Washington law lets a shop give one price, without splitting parts and labor, for an advertised special, a posted menu item, or a routine service package.
Before you approve
Washington's Attorney General says to find out in advance if there is a diagnostic charge, to ask for an explanation and a second opinion if an estimate seems too high, and to get all promises in writing.
This is general information, not mechanical or legal advice. Your owner's manual and a qualified technician come first.
Sources: Washington State Office of the Attorney General, Auto Repair; Washington State Legislature, RCW 46.71.015; Washington State Legislature, RCW 46.71.025.
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